ART AND ARCHITECTURE DURING MAURYA AGE

 The Maurya Empire, which existed from approximately 322 BCE to 185 BCE, was a significant period in ancient Indian history. During this time, there were notable developments in art and architecture. Here are some features and characteristics of art and architecture during the Maurya Age:

1. Pillars and Rock Edicts: The Mauryan rulers, especially Ashoka the Great, erected numerous pillars and inscribed rock edicts throughout the empire. These pillars were made of polished sandstone and featured animal capitals, mainly depicting lions. The Sarnath pillar with the Ashoka Chakra (Wheel of Law) is a famous example.

2. Stupas: Stupas were an important architectural form during the Maurya Age. These were large, dome-shaped structures that served as Buddhist reliquaries. The most famous stupa from this period is the Great Stupa at Sanchi, commissioned by Emperor Ashoka. It featured elaborate gateways (toranas) adorned with intricate carvings depicting scenes from the life of Buddha.

3. Palace Architecture: The Mauryan palaces were known for their grandeur and magnificence. Unfortunately, due to the perishable nature of materials used, not much has survived to the present day. However, historical accounts suggest that Mauryan palaces were built using timber and were decorated with various motifs and paintings.

4. Sculpture: The Mauryan period witnessed significant advancements in sculpture. Stone sculptures from this era often portrayed the Buddha, Bodhisattvas, and other deities. The art style emphasized grace, serenity, and spiritual depth. The Sarnath Lion Capital, which is now the national emblem of India, is an iconic Mauryan sculpture.

5. Architectural Innovations: The Mauryan rulers were known for their innovative architectural techniques. They developed methods to construct massive structures, such as the use of Ashlar masonry (carefully cut and fitted stones) and sophisticated drainage systems in cities like Pataliputra (modern-day Patna).

6. Terracotta Art: Terracotta art flourished during the Maurya Age. Terracotta figurines and plaques depicting various themes, including court scenes, animals, and deities, have been found at sites like Taxila and Vaishali. These artworks provide valuable insights into the daily life and cultural practices of the Mauryan period.

7. Influence of Greek and Persian Art: The Mauryan Empire came into contact with the Hellenistic world, particularly through the campaigns of Alexander the Great and the Seleucid Empire. As a result, Greek and Persian artistic influences can be seen in Mauryan art and architecture, particularly in the capital city of Pataliputra.

The Mauryan Age represents a crucial phase in the development of art and architecture in ancient India. The artistic achievements of this period laid the foundation for subsequent artistic traditions in the region.